Umbilical hernia

The navel is a vital connection between mother and child. However, in adulthood it can be a weak point in the abdominal wall, on the basis of which an umbilical hernia forms. Initially barely noticeable, it later becomes a slight protrusion, which quickly has the potential for serious complications. Here you can find out everything you need to know about umbilical hernias.

  • A small umbilical hernia can often be difficult to feel and is not recognizable to the untrained eye.

  • Apart from umbilical hernias in the first few years of life, it should always be operated on promptly, as it does not regress on its own.

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Written & medically reviewed by:

Written & medically reviewed by:

Forehead wrinkles: Simply explained!

An umbilical hernia, also known as an umbilical hernia, is a congenital or acquired gap in the abdominal wall near the navel. Initially this gap is tiny, but later fatty tissue or even intestines can be pushed out. From the outside, the umbilical hernia therefore usually appears as a protrusion of the navel, which can also be slightly painful during physical exertion. Important: Umbilical hernia is most common in babies and small children, where it also disappears on its own. However, if it only occurs in adulthood, surgery is the only way to treat it.

Umbilical hernia: Recognizing symptoms

The most common symptom of an umbilical hernia is the protrusion of the navel. If it is mild, it is only noticeable because the navel looks slightly wider than normal. A real swelling or “bump” is usually not recognizable at first. Over time, it can increase and become more prominent, especially during physical exertion. When feeling, the protrusion can be pushed back in with light pressure, but this is often slightly painful for those affected. However, pain does not necessarily have to be present. This is because some umbilical hernias do not cause any symptoms, which means that they are only discovered late or by chance during a visit to the doctor.

Umbilical hernia as an emergency

Nevertheless, an umbilical hernia can be dangerous and become a medical emergency if it becomes trapped. Fatty tissue or intestinal loops are pushed through the hernia gap at the navel and become trapped. The symptoms of such an emergency are

  • Severe pain and sensitivity to touch in the navel
  • Redness in the navel area
  • Tight swelling that cannot be pushed in

If you notice these signs, you should see a doctor or go to hospital immediately. Because if you wait too long, life-threatening complications can arise.

Umbilical hernia: causes

Just like an inguinal hernia, an umbilical hernia can be congenital or develop in the course of life. We will now restrict ourselves to the acquired form. The skin reason for the development is certainly that the navel is naturally a weak point in the abdominal wall. Any physical exertion increases the pressure in the abdominal cavity, causing the abdominal wall to tighten. This also exerts increased pressure on the navel. This is not a problem for a healthy abdominal wall. However, there are some risk factors that can weaken the abdominal wall and thus promote an umbilical hernia. The following factors can increase the risk of an umbilical hernia:

  • Congenital connective tissue weakness
  • Overweight
  • Pregnancy
  • Regular heavy physical exertion (e.g. lifting weights)
  • Abdominal fluid in liver diseases (= ascites)

Umbilical hernia: When to see a doctor?

As soon as you think you have an umbilical hernia, you should see your family doctor. Also think of an umbilical hernia if you have pain near the navel – even if you can’t see anything from the outside or nothing is bulging. This is because a small umbilical hernia is often difficult to feel and cannot be recognized by an untrained eye. The family doctor will examine you and try to feel the umbilical hernia. You should then be referred for an ultrasound, where the diagnosis will be confirmed in a radiology institute. The ultrasound is completely uncomplicated and only takes a few minutes. Once the diagnosis has been made, consult a general surgeon who will advise you on how to proceed. An operation should usually be planned promptly, although it is also important to talk about possible risks if you want to wait or do not want an operation. Important: If you suddenly feel severe pain in the navel area, you must see a doctor or go to hospital immediately, as this could be an incarcerated umbilical hernia that requires immediate surgery.

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Any questions? Our FAQ section has the answers!

A bulging navel, which is sensitive or painful to the touch, is the main sign of an umbilical hernia. Caution: The protrusion of the navel is often so tiny and barely visible that it is not noticeable to a layperson. It can also be completely painless, which makes the diagnosis even more difficult. Another sign of an umbilical hernia can be a slight pulling pain in the navel area during physical exertion, such as at the gym.

Apart from umbilical hernias in children, an umbilical hernia should be operated on promptly, as it will not heal on its own. According to the European guidelines for the treatment of umbilical hernias, only one study has suggested that it is possible to wait for an umbilical hernia – provided there is no pain. However, there is a risk in waiting: the umbilical hernia can become “trapped”, making immediate emergency surgery necessary. In practice, this means that a specialist in general surgery should be consulted as soon as symptoms occur and an operation planned. If you have an umbilical hernia without pain, you should at least talk to a specialist doctor about the next steps and options.

Theoretically, you can do anything with an umbilical hernia. However, as long as you have an umbilical hernia, there is a small risk that it will become trapped and turn into a surgical emergency. The risk increases with physical exertion, as this increases the pressure in the abdominal cavity and pushes the umbilical hernia out.

Since an umbilical hernia does not heal on its own, the only treatment is surgery. The causal gap in the area of the navel is sutured or a plastic mesh is sewn in. The operation itself usually only takes 15 – 45 minutes and you can leave the hospital the same day or the next day. The downtime afterwards is short, so that sport is permitted again after just a few weeks.

More questions? Simply make a personal consultation appointment online.

References

Last update: 19.06.2024